Style direct : Je vis à Londres. Style indirect : Il m’a dit qu’il vivait à Londres.

Le discours indirect sert à rapporter après coup les paroles de quelqu’un, ce qui entraîne quelques modifications grammaticales qui sont similaires en français et en anglais.

    Pour rapporter les paroles de quelqu’un, on a besoin d’ un VERBE INTRODUCTEUR:

say ( dire : rapporte ce qui a été dit )            tell ( dire :  rapporte ce qui a été dit et à qui) 

want  ( vouloir )     ask ( demander )      forbid ( interdire)        suggest ( suggérer)          think ( penser )

order ( ordonner)  advise ( conseiller )  exclaim ( s’exclamer)  remind ( rappeler à qqun)

LES MODIFICATIONS DUES AU DISCOURS INDIRECT

I. CHANGEMENTS DES PRONOMS PERSONNELS SUJETS :

STYLE DIRECT                                 STYLE INDIRECT verbe introducteur au présent

        “ I live in London”, he says.        He says he lives in London.

        “ We have two dogs”, they say.       They say they have two dogs.

STYLE DIRECT                                 STYLE INDIRECT verbe introducteur au passé

        “ I live in London”, he said.               He said he lived in London.

        “ We have two dogs”, they said.      They said  they had two dogs

II. CHANGEMENTS DES PRONOMS PERSONNELS COMPLÉMENTS :

STYLE DIRECT                                 STYLE INDIRECT verbe introducteur au présent

        “ I don’t like you”, she says.        She says she doesn’t like me.

        “ We don’t like you”, they say.       They say they don’t like us.

STYLE DIRECT                                 STYLE INDIRECT verbe introducteur au passé

        “ I don’t like you”, she said.        She said she didn’t like me.

        “ We don’t like you”, they said.       They said they didn’t like us.

III. CHANGEMENTS DES ADJECTIFS POSSESSIFS:

STYLE DIRECT                                 STYLE INDIRECT

    “ I don’t like my English teacher”, she said.She said she didn’t like her English teacher.

    “ We  like our English teacher”, they said.       They said they  liked  their English teacher.

     Donc quand le verbe introducteur est au présent, l’énoncé rapporté reste au présent

        MAIS

                         quand le verbe introducteur est au prétérit...

IV. CHANGEMENTS DES TEMPS: correspondance entre les temps

                STYLE DIRECT                STYLE INDIRECT

                présent                                prétérit

                perfects/prétérit        past perfect

                futur/conditionnel        conditionnel

a) Présent simple /Prétérit simple

                    STYLE DIRECT                                 STYLE INDIRECT

                “ I live in London”, Kate said.                  Kate said she lived in London.

                “My sister doesn’t like tea”, Bryan said.          Bryan said his sister didn’t like tea.

b)  Présent BE + ING /Prétérit BE + ING

                STYLE DIRECT                                    STYLE INDIRECT

“ I’m walking my neigbour’s dog”, he told me.            He told me he was walking his neighbour’s dog.

“ We’re getting married on monday”, he said.            He said they were getting married on Monday.

c) Présent perfect       /      Past perfect

                STYLE DIRECT                                    STYLE INDIRECT

“ We haven’t found anything yet”, they said.            They said they hadn’t found anything yet.

d) Prétérit/Past perfect

                STYLE DIRECT                            STYLE INDIRECT

                “ We lost the game”, they said.                    They said they had lost the game.

e) Futur ‘ WILL”  /Conditionnel “ WOULD”

                STYLE DIRECT                            STYLE INDIRECT

                “ I’ll come with you”, she said.                    She said she would come with me.

f) Can/Could

                    STYLE DIRECT                    STYLE INDIRECT

                “ I can do it for you”, she said.                    She said she could do it for me.

5. V.CHANGEMENTS DES ADVERBES ET COMPLÉMENTS DE LIEU ET TEMPS:
   

6. 
   

DISCOURS DIRECT                    DISCOURS INDIRECT

here                                                      there

today                                              that day

yesterday                                             the day before/the previous day

tomorrow                                                     the next day/ the following day/ the day after

last night                                    the night before

next week                                    the following week

three days ago                            three days before

VI. CHANGER L’ORDRE DES MOTS:

Supprimer l’inversion du sujet et de l’auxiliaire dans les questions et rétablir le schéma déclaratif =

sujet + Auxiliaire ( et/ou ) verbe...

VII. SUPPRIMER LES GUILLEMETS ET LES POINTS D’INTERROGATION

VIII. LES 3 TYPES DE PHRASES À TRANSFORMER:

a) Phrases déclaratives:

- phrase affirmative :         “ I still love Jim” She said she still loved Jim.

- phrase négative :        “ I can’t marry Steve”She said she couldn’t marry Steve.

b) Phrases interrogatives:

- WH questions:        “ When will he come?”         She wanted to know when he wold come.

- Yes/no questions:        “ Is George here?”        She asked if  George was there.

c) Phrases impératives:

- Ordre de faire:        “ Stay with me!”        I asked her to stay with me.

1. -Ordre de ne pas faire:“ Don’t look!”                She told me not to look.
   

                                   

                                                    RECAP / EXAMPLES

STYLE DIRECT                                                STYLE INDIRECT

PRESEN                                                                    PRÉTÉRIT

She said : “ I like your dress.”                           She said she liked my dress.

PRÉSENT BE + ING                                         PRÉTÉRIT BE + ING

She said: “ I’m applying for a job.”                       She said she was applying for a job.

PRÉTÉRIT                                                            PAST PERFECT

She said : “ I broke my camera.”                           She said she had broken her camera.

PRÉTÉRIT BE  + ING                                        PAST PERFECT BE + ING

She said : “ We were playing tennis.”             She said they had been playing tennis.

PRÉSENT PERFECT                                          PAST PERFECT

She said : “ I have lost my glasses.”                       She said she had lost her glasses.

FUTUR                                                                    CONDITIONNEL

She said : “ I will marry him.”                                  She said she would marry him.

CONDITIONNEL                                                 CONDITIONNEL

She said : “ I would be glad.”                                  She said she would be glad.

MODAL

She said : “ You must do it.”                                    She said he must do it.

WH QUESTION

She said : “ How long will it take?”                      She wanted to know how long it would take.

YES/NO QUESTION

She asked : “ Are you happy?”                                 She asked me if I was happy.

IMPÉRATIF: ordre de faire

She said : “ Sit down.”                                             She asked me to sit down.

IMPÉRATIF : ordre de ne pas faire

She said : “ Don’t speak.”                                     She told me not to speak.

                            LIENS VERS LES EXERCICES

             Step 1                          Step 2

                            Step 3              Step 4

                        Step 5              Step 6

                         Step 7              Step 8